Classical Elements Of The Military Essay - 1134 Words

Classical elements of our military are organizational structure, principles of organizational reward, the machine metaphor, and the theory of bureaucracy. Many theories of management have military backgrounds that date back to the beginning of history to Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, and Napoleon. All of these leaders became successful through their efficiency to lead, line of command, unity, and division of work. The United States Military is divided into five branches of service. The Army is the the oldest branch of the military, and focuses on defending the country and is the main fighting force of the military. The Air Force works with the Army and is in charge of all of the satellites and nuclear missiles. The Navy ensures equal freedom in the oceans around the world, and protects the interests of our nation to be free. Marine Corps are the first ones to battle, and are responsible for delivering tasks on ground, sea, and in the air. The Coast Guard is responsible for boat ing safety and rescue, law enforcement, and controlling illegal immigration (Hewes 2005). These are the building blocks behind the reason why our military is so successful and powerful. In 1775, before our nation was established as a Country, colonists were organized into miscellaneous militias with no distinct structure or organization of a unified hierarchy. George Washington recognized the missing piece to the puzzle, and how the Continental Army would conquer and win the Revolutionary War.Show MoreRelatedManagement Principle, Management Theory, and Management Practices1218 Words   |  5 Pages1 MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLE, MANAGEMENT THEORY, AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES MGMT310 American Military University Monique Outerbridge 2 Every organization utilizes different types of management techniques, practices, theories and principles. Each organization utilizes their own practices as it correlates to their organizations’ mission, goals and culture. 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He emphasizes that strategy entails the use of threat and force to achieve policy objectives. Given the unfortunate centrality of war to world events, strategy becomes a significant aspect in providing a theory of success. The perennial popularity of books on military and application of works of wisdom in the use of force today is unequivocal. Particularly, booksRead MoreClassical Tradition And The Classical Era1139 Words   |  5 PagesThe classical tradition in the medieval times has an articulate work of art should stand by itself without the need of interpretation. As one literally scholar would state, the classical era states that interpretation is ambiguous, and â€Å"does not always prevail†. Yet, now in our society, art’s interpretation can be one or all: a parody, an abstract, a pastiche, or non-art. Pain and suffering constituted things with which for him to identify. 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There were 4 dynastiesRead MoreSir Thomas More s Utopia And Niccolo Machiavelli s The Prince1454 Words   |  6 Pagesthe feudal nobility and the laity’s disillusionment with the Roman Catholic Church. The fall of the Byzantine Empire caused Byzantine scholars to flee to the West, where they brought their libraries that consisted of classical sources. The desire of scholars to rediscover classical texts was instrumental to the creation of the Renaissance. Jacob Burkhardt argues in The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy that the Europeans needed a model for the creation of their new culture. He claims, â€Å"ItRead MoreChina s Rule Under Legalism And Launching A Military Campaign875 Words   |  4 Pagesand the influence of philosophical thinking like Daoism. These changes, influenced by aspects of the world and its own region, shaped Ch ina into its Classical state. In contrast, the concept of the Mandate of Heaven, the civil service system, and the significance of unity through a strong central government remained constant throughout China’s Classical period. These continuities followed through, staying essentially the same as an important part of China’s identity. From warring states to an empireRead MoreEvolution of Management1083 Words   |  5 PagesEvolution of Management The evolution of management can be divided into three distinct era’s. The Pre-Classical Era, Classical era and Neo-classical era. Pre-Classical Era From the Biblical times we find monarchies of the time use some form of management to lord over the great kingdoms such as the Egyptians who used hierarchy management to build the pyramids, Moses leading the Israelites through the desert to the promised land and King David when he was in charge of the kingdom of Israel. In

Hubris Crimes in Greek Tragedy and Law

Hubris is excessive pride (or overweening pride), and is often called the pride that comes before the fall. It had serious consequences in Greek tragedy and law. The protagonist Ajax in Sophocles Ajax tragedy exhibits hubris by thinking he does not need the help of Zeus. Sophocles Oedipus exhibits hubris when he refuses to accept his fate. In Greek tragedy, hubris leads to conflict, if not punishment or death, although when Orestes,​ with  hubris, took it upon himself to revenge his father -- by killing his mother, Athena exonerated him. Aristotle discusses hubris in Rhetoric 1378b. Editor J. H. Freese notes about this passage: In Attic law hubris (insulting, degrading treatment) was a more serious offence than aikia (bodily ill-treatment). It was the subject of a State criminal prosecution ( graphà ª), aikia of a private action ( dikà ª) for damages. The penalty was assessed in court, and might even be death. It had to be proven that the defendant struck the first blow. Also Known As: Excessive pride Examples: Near the end of the Odyssey, Odysseus punishes the suitors for their hubris in his absence.

Code of Ethics for a Fictional Company - 1466 Words

Code of Ethics for Fictional Company I. Objective The objective of this study is to create a code of ethics for a fictional company. Included will be Guiding Principles and a stated Purpose of the Code along with Core Values, Training and Education, Definitions, the employees that are covered under this code of ethics, how it will be implemented and communicated as well as enforced and reported. II. Introduction The fictional company in this study is a home health care agency that sends out nursing professionals to visit patients in their homes for the purpose of assessing the patients mental and emotional state. The purpose of this company is to enable patients with mental and emotional illnesses and problems to remain home while receiving psychiatric care. While patients visit their psychiatrists on a regular basis, these patients were at one time considered a harm to themselves or others in society and this program monitors the mental status of the patients in between their regular scheduled visits with the psychiatrist. Most of these patients are single and reside alone making this companys service an important one for the patient and the community in which they live. III. Mission Statement The mission of this company is to provide the best possible patient assessment enabling patients to remain in their home rather than be institutionalized while receiving psychiatric care and to do so in professional and expert manner. IV. Guiding Principles The guidingShow MoreRelatedFidos Bistro737 Words   |  3 PagesFido’s Bistro Code of Ethics, Roles and Behaviors Patrick Mobley University of Phoenix Fido’s Bistro Code of Ethics, Roles and Behaviors In order for Fido’s Bistro to be ran smoothly, each person must play their role efficiently. Entrepreneurs will be innovative new dog treats, ideas such as new ways of advertising also enhance organization of the gourmet dog treats. At Fido’s Bistro, there will be three employees. In my company I will be in charge over all business decisions. By having controlRead MoreComparison Of Two Occupations, Social Work And Skills, Training, And Requirements1547 Words   |  7 Pagesthe professional application of social work values, principles, and techniques† (Coyle, 2014, p. 6). Social Workers can act as mediators, negotiators, educators, and advocators just to name a few of the roles they play. They follow a written Code of Ethics that guide their professional judgement and practice. Some job titles used for Social Workers are Mental Health Counselor, Child Advocate, Adoption Specialist, Human Rights Representative, Healthcare Social Worker, and School Social Worke r. Read MoreBusiness Ethics : Ethical And Ethical Issues1737 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness ethics examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. Business ethics often encompasses many concerns such social responsibility, sustainability, labour practices and environmental development. Business ethics as a concept fundamentally applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the behavior of individuals and entire organizations. Desjardins (2011) suggests that business ethics is the study of business from an ethical viewpointRead MoreTelevision Show, Suits, Shows Conceptual Old Lawyers Ideals in Modern Light 599 Words   |  3 Pagesethical integrity while addressing current political issues. Suits is a fictional drama set in the heart of New York. The protagonists of the show are Harvey Specter a notable Harvard Law graduate, and Michael Ross, a law-prodigy. 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The main target audience for these shows are teenagers and women, who spend a lot of time discussingRead MoreA Case Of Accounting Fraud1555 Words   |  7 Pagesincreasingly risky financial condition of the company, by recording more than $9 billion in false or unsupported accounting entries in WorldCom s financial systems in order to achieve desired reported financial results. In 1983, Ebbers formed Long Distance Discount Service (LDDS). The company grew gradually at first, but in 1989, after it went public, it began to carry out numerous acquisitions. Over the course of its lifetime, his firm bought up 70 companies, including a deal completed in 1998 thatRead MoreConceptual Old Lawyers Ideals in Modern Light Essay919 Words   |  4 Pagesintegrity while addressing current political issues. Suits is a fictional drama set in the heart of New York. The protagonists of the show are two corporate lawyers Harvey Specter, a notable Harvard Law graduate, and Michael Ross, a law-prodigy. The show depicts lawyers walking around in thousand-dollar suits, dining in exclusive restaurants, and flying to cities in private jet airplanes, illusive to the reality of their intact moral code. Corporate America has negatively influenced how lawyers areRead MoreUop Bus 210 Syllabus2009 Words   |  9 PagesCourse Description In this course, students explore the foundation of business by reviewing topics regarding the structure and culture of the modern business environment. Additional topics include the evolution of business, the role of business ethics, communication, technology, operations, leadership, and human resources. Upon completion, students are better prepared to make informed decisions regarding their educational and professional goals. Policies Faculty and students/learners willRead MoreWorkplace Bullying And Abuse Of Power848 Words   |  4 Pages The following is a fictionalized case of ethical decisions at a fictional company, Bedford Beads. Workplace bullying and abuse of power is no small matter and is an all-too-frequent occurrence. In this case, the employee was stuck between a bully and nepotism with no clear direction on how to deal with the problem at hand. It took years of mistreatment before Sally accepted that she was being bullied by her manager and was determined to take action. Unfortunately, Sally found that for all the ethicalRead MoreThe First Security Bank ( Fsb ) Of Malta, Montana Fall Victim896 Words   |  4 Pagesplaced â€Å"fictional name with a high limit on the accounts.† (Falstad p.1) According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, â€Å"four credit cards were made and used.† (Cotter p.1) The account was built on numerous of alphabets that hide the account, not to mention no one from the bank will not discover. Each card was used to cover up another account that was used by the victim. The victim had a problem with spending money that was not available. Pressure from the othe r credit card company drove the

The Artist Allan Kaprow s Work - 2785 Words

The artist Allan Kaprow reconstructed the meaning of art when he began to make art that became the antithesis of the typical paint on canvas or sculptural form and began creating environments and performances which enacted the artist’s, as well as audience participation. Kaprow’s work from the 1970s, what he referred to as Activities, further analyzed and assessed social relations and their relationship to everyday social interactions. His previous artworks in the 1960s were also dedicated to social interactions, however, the performances relied on a large group of artists and participants. In the 1970s Kaprow began isolating his scripts from the audience, aiming for more interpersonal events. By eliminating the audience, Kaprow’s work†¦show more content†¦The common thread throughout Kaprow’s work looks at human behavior, an attribute which has a long definitive history among human beings. Aside from our individualized daily routines, such as bru shing our teeth, combing our hair, getting dressed, and so forth, our behavior has been molded into unconscious activities and events which have become otherwise taken for granted. Kaprow’s Activities are performance structures, utilizing the direct life-experience from small groups of untrained participants who follow the artist’s script in a nontheatrical/non-art context. Kaprow implicitly suggests that human beings behaviors are innate and learned. Even though the participants are unfamiliar with the activity, they are capable of following a simple script in order to successfully demonstrate a performance. As Adam Smith asserts in the preface of his book, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, when we observe the behavior of people, we do not simply experience events, we ascribe actions to agents; we pin some change in the environment on a person as an action and we do so because we think we see the person’s point in making the change. Smith encapsulates the ideo logy behind Kaprow’s interpersonal Activities, which is that we judge, critique, discriminate and value people based on what we (emphasis mine) individually and

Google Prediction Markets Free Essays

Part I: Briefly evaluate how Google’s Prediction Markets have worked to date. To what extent have the markets been successful or unsuccessful? 250 When the five Googlers got together to start with this project, their main objective was to launch an internal prediction market and test if crowds would make more accurate predictions than individuals’. To determine if this project was a success or not we need to determine our parameters of success. We will write a custom essay sample on Google Prediction Markets or any similar topic only for you Order Now Moreover, we also think that the success will be correlated with the phase of the project. From the case we can see that this project is still going through its first steps, despite the system has been running for seven quarters. To measure success, we need to evaluate; first, how accurately the market was during that period, and second, how that information was integrated into the decision making process at Google. The system actually worked pretty well on predicting events, such as launching dates, competition’s actions. There are some structural constraints for e.g. no money exchanged, lack of participation, lack of diversity, etc. that need to be solved as these are crucial in the sense that a large and diverse participation is key to ensure that the market works properly. Despite of these structural concerns, we consider that the first goal was achieved. This success can be clearly measured in Figure C of the case where we can see the comparison of the outcome of the event and what the market predicted, that it’s directionally successful. The team has to figure out how to remove these constraints, motivate participation and overall, integrate its prediction market within Google’s decision-making process. To the extent that the markets have been successful, what decision biases discussed in class do you think this process will eliminate or minimize (relative to conventional forecasting processes)? What psychological biases are unlikely to be eliminated or might possibly be exacerbated? 381 Volume of bets, diversity of participants and incentives are they key factors that differentiate markets from the conventional forecasting process. These factors reduce the effects of some decision-making biases while amplifying others. Availability of information. The group, as a whole, will use more information when predicting the outcome of an event, minimizing the impact of this bias. Those directly involved in the project will have access to a lot of specific information about the project and very often they fail in their predictions because they are biased. They underestimate or ignore the impact of the information they lack. Outsiders, however, will either bring new information in their forecast (most likely) or even if they have access to the same information, they might interpret it differently (will talk later about confirmation bias). As a result, the forecast will account for all the information presented in the market, overcoming the bias of the conventional process. Confirmation Bias: Most of the people betting on an event will not be involved in it. Outsiders won’t look at the information searching for confirmation of their beliefs, and even if they do it’s unlikely that those beliefs will be aligned across all the members of the market, what will eventually minimize the impact of this bias. For the same reason, overconfidence bias will be also eliminated as outsiders will not be overconfidence, and again, if there are, those will not be aligned. (Reference: Dolores Haze’s assessment of the value of GPM). Likewise persistent of incorrect beliefs will be also eliminated. Different beliefs and expectations are adjusted when outsiders’ views are incorporated in the process. However, there are some biases that will not be eliminated. Those are, Framing the outcome. Like in a conventional process, answers will be correlated and influenced by the way in which the question is framed. However, it’s still possible that this effect will be somehow minimized. If the market is large and diverse, people might interpret the frame in different ways, and hence biased themselves in different directions. Endorsement effect. By default, the decision makers will tend to continue with what they are actually doing (if the market is not diverse enough this bias cannot be corrected, if everyone asked is in Goggle then they might be influenced by this type of bias). Under what conditions are prediction markets most likely to perform relatively well and relatively poorly? 417 Efficient functioning of prediction markets, within the context of a corporation like Google, would depend on the following three aspects: a) Volume of participants: By the nature of market-based decision-making, we would need large and diverse set of participants. Larger participation set will eliminate various biases discussed earlier. Liquidity (ability to trade) will allow participants to calibrate their bets and decisions based on new information. b) Diversity: Diversity of thought, perspective and motives within the participation set is also very important for prediction markets. Google should encourage participation from different geographies, different teams, varied level of seniority and demographics. This will create a market where participants interpret information and signals in different ways so that the collective action normalizes for any bias. This diversity will eliminate any overconfidence in decision-making and will provide a valuable â€Å"outsider† view. The issue of diversity is quite important in closed markets (e.g. Google). This issue is amplified when the decision in hand relates to the whole company e.g. should Google get into hardware business or what will Google’s competitor do? The market as a whole might be overconfident in these situations. Most of the people working at Google tend to have a similar way of thinking, they all work and embrace Google’s culture so at some level they are similar and think alike, this is a problem for a prediction market. c) Alignment of Incentives: Volume and diversity are certainly necessary conditions for proper functioning of markets. However, it’s the intent of participation that would dictate the success. All participants should act rationally and make the best risk-adjusted bets. In corporate settings, issues like team dynamics, chances of promotion, personal relationships etc can come in the way of rational bets. The incentives to participate should not interfere with the actual decision-making. Incentives can be aligned with monetary gains, reputation, accomplishments or other non-monetary rewards. And this alignment should be dictated by how a corporate is planning to use markets. Markets have to strike a balance between confidentiality and transparency. d) Transparency: Finally we think that is really important that the market is transparent and confidential. All of the members need to have the guarantee that their positions are not reveled unless they want to do so. For example if a market opens to determine if a project is going to meet a certain dead line and I think that it will not make it, but the project manager is a friend of mine then I need my position to remain confidential. Part II: How would you use prediction markets to make better decisions at Google? Make sure that you address the risks and challenges of replacing more conventional forecasting processes with prediction markets. Also, discuss how you would modify how prediction markets have been used so far. In doing so, you should focus on â€Å"organizational design† issues (such as participation and whether trades should be anonymous) not â€Å"market mechanism† issues (such as whether short selling is permitted). Note: This analysis should build on but not repeat what was written in Part I. Words: 807 In order to use prediction markets help better decision, Google (or any organization) has to take the following steps: a. Test and prove that markets lead to better decisions within the context of decisions that their managers make b. Facilitate the creation of efficient prediction markets with right incentives c. Educate the decision makers about markets and integrate markets with organization Google should follow a phased approach. Transition Phase: During this phase, Google should set up the markets, encourage participation and rigorously test if prediction markets lead to better decisions. There should be a control sample of managers who are not given access to prediction markets in any way and a test sample who are encouraged to refer to prediction markets (although the final decision would remain in the hands of the manager). The final decisions and the actual result should be tracked. How to cite Google Prediction Markets, Essay examples

Management Theory and Practice

Question: Write essay on management theory and practice. Answer: Introduction Ethics, leadership and decision-making are the three important pillars of any business that can set the reputation of any organisation as well as can increase the market (Raymond, 2014). These three characteristics are the most essential managerial perceptions that need to be observed properly to maintain the business in an appropriate manner. The ethics are the organisational principles that should be followed by every organisation to remain in a good term in the business while the leadership helps the organisations to lead in a right way. On the other hand, decision-making is the main process of any organisation to use the ethics, powers, moral imperatives etc. If these are not applied in any organisation then the company have to face many problems to keep their reputation the same. According to Campbell, (2014), it is noted that when an organisation has failed to incorporate any one of these three characteristics then the organisation has to face an ethical dilemma, which has ruin ed the reputation of the organisation very badly. Therefore, it can be said that the ethics, leadership and decision-making are the vital managerial responsibilities for business. The Mitsubishi Motors Corporation, Japanese automobile manufacturer, has faced an ethical dilemma due to breaching the organisational norms. The company has faced a dilemma of manipulating fuel economy tests for 625,000 cars that was recognised by the Japan government and Nissan group when a huge number of cars have failed to deliver the promised fuel consumption (Coombs, W Holladay, 2013). This has created a bad reputation to the customers of the organisations and has shaken the trust to the company. Managerial theory helps the organisations to develop a proper plan and to implement appropriate business strategies to lead the organisation in right direction to attain the desired profitability (Mseitif, 2014). The company,which has mentioned in this study, has faced the ethical dilemma due to not following the principles and CSR (Corporate Social Responsibilities) of the organisation that has failed to gain sustainability in the business. The organisation practices a diverse management system that is able to adapt the regular changes in the business but still the company has breached the norms of the ethical values and has failed into the controversy. Therefore, in the study the researcher is discussing about the ethical dilemma of Mitsubishi Motors Company and then has analysed the related theories and linked them with the company how it has used the leadership styles in their organisation. The ethical dilemma that the has faced in recent time was the controversy regarding the manipulation of the fuel economy data for the vehicles that they made (MIZUO, 2013). The company has continuously done the manipulation of the fuel economy data that was changed in the time of testing and then the false data were published for the cars. The company was doing this falsifying case for a long time and most of the cars from this company were failing to gain the customers trust and the other companies who were with them in the joint venture tie up. According to Zelenkova, (2013), the employees of Mitsubishi Motors has flattered the data of actual mileage rates during the test of fuel capacity and has presented the wrong data to the seller of the vehicles. This was completely an activity of breaching the customers with their false information about the products. They had used this trick to gain more profits and to increase their circle of business in the world with more joint ventures a ctivities with others. However, this was not the right thing to do for a company and therefore it was proven to lessen the shares of the company. As per the report, the falsifying of the fuel economic data by the company has affected almost 600,000 vehicles in Japan and the company has lost their 50% of shares. The Nissan Group, who were the joint partner of them, first noticed the issue of falsification of Mitsubishi Motors in manipulating data of the fuel tests. As opined by Heidl et al. (2014), the employees of the company was hiding the actual data of the fuel test and then the data that they were providing was a little higher than the true number. In the company, the fuel test is done in the process that was almost against the rules and laws of the Japan government. According to the law of the government, this was not the process of checking the fuel capacity of any vehicles or car (Caldararo, 2016). The company was checking the tyre pressure figures in the test of their own procedure where they can easily change the actual data of the test result. In later the president of the company has admitted that they have done the falsification deliberately to gain the high profit levels and with this false data, more than 600,000 cars were sold in the market of Japan. Among them almost 470,000 cars were for the Nissan Group that was faced problems and customers poor review. This has forced the Nissan Group to investigate the matter very minutely to find out the real problem regarding the vehicles that they can sort out their faults. In the time of investigation, they found the inconsistency in their vehicles mileage then they were able to understand the main problem that was continuously created by the Mitsubishi employees. Therefore, the controversy has lessen the rate of the companys share in the market of Japan and lost the reputation that they have acquired until then. The managerial ethics is the main foundation of every organisations ethics based on which all the activities of the companies are taken to implement the appropriate and actual rules and regulation for leading the company (Haskin, 2016). The ethical behaviours of any organisation are driven by the values and principles and it helps the organisations to develop their business policies and strategies for the future of the company. The ethics helps the organisational managerial to understand the right and wrong steps for the company as well as the good and bad things too. There are many ethical theories that help the management of the organisations to understand the ethical values and its importance in the workplaces to implement the business strategies and other policies to increase the business and to get the establishment in the market. Therefore, the researcher is discussing about two managerial ethics theories that can be used by Mitsubishi in their organisation to save their ethica l values in the time of giving service. According to Burke, (2016), is based on the concepts of the stakeholders point of view. The main emphasis of the theory is that any action should not take on considering only ones utility rather the theory refers to the managers to look beyond the self-interest and think about the profits of others too. As stated by Mayer et al. (2012), if the managerial of any organisation only thinks about a particular group of peoples benefit then it can harm the other people within the organisation. However, the organisation mainly affected by any action of the management then the consequences of that action has to be considered before taking the decision. It is argued by Zhang et al. (2013) who thinks that the theory is not focussing on any one perspective of the management. It is emphasising on the various approaches of an action rather focussing on the moral acts or ethical values and rules. The Utilitarianism theory of managerial is expressed in various ways. The theory can be interpreted in the way that there is no such morality or ethical rule that is said as appropriate. Therefore, the theory is mainly focussing on the actions of the management that they are taking the right or wrong steps in the organisation. In this case, the organisation has faced the ethical dilemma when they used the non-ethical decisions in their firm due to which the scandal has reached in the situation. If the management of the Mitsubishi Motor Corporation has applied this theory then they might have saved the situation to go this much worse. The management in the company has implemented the wrong strategies to gain the profit for the company by using the unethical decision. Apart from this, there is another ethical theory that can be helpful for the companies to set their ethical values and this will also help the management of the companies to know about their right decision making power. The theory is Justice based ethical theory that refers to the three main components upon which the managerial ethics are dependant. The three components are the equality, fairness and the impartiality. According to Schaubroeck et al. (2012), the first component of this theory is the equality, which refers to the equality of the management in taking any decision. In the time of taking any decision, the management have to be equal to all. Therefore, the management of any organisation has to take the decisions equally that it cannot create any controversy regarding the unequal decision that can be considered as unethical. Another component is referring the fairness of the management to the employees, which is the main basic of trust in an organisation. If the management always take every decision fairly and disclose all the information regarding any decision taken for the organisation to the employees then it will never be fail to gain the trust of the employees and will develop a good relationship between the employees and management. Apart from these two components, another one component is very important for any organisational management to increase their ethical business. The main base of the theory depends on a component that is impartiality (Hannah, Avolio Walumbwa, 2014). In any organisation if the management focus on the impartiality, then the organisational management will be automatically become ethical. In this case, the management of the Mitsubishi Company has not followed the three components of the theory. They did not follow the ethical value of equality and impartiality. In addition, they also ignored to become fair about their strategies that they have taken to gain more profit. They did it unethically and without following, any e thical values that can justify their action of falsifying the fuel test of the vehicles in Japan. The ethical values of the organizations have to be maintained by the management of the company otherwise the company will fall into the situations like the automobile company Mitsubishi Motor Corporation has fallen. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the management of every organisation to keep the ethical values and moral norms of the organisation to remain true to the customers as well as employees (Zelenkova, 2013). The managerial theory that is evaluated in the study above has mentioned the Utilitarianism theory of ethics and the Justice based ethical theory. These two are the theories that can describe the dos and donts for the management of an organisation to avoid the ethical dilemmas. As per the managerial theories every organisation has to abide by the rules and principles of the organisation that saves the organisational values and ethics. If there is no ethics of an organisation then their business cannot be trusted by the customers and the employees (Campbell, 2014). The main message of these two theories is the same that the companies have to maintain some features of managerial ethics such as the management have to be very clear to the employees and stakeholders to lead the business properly; they have to be conscious about the after effect of any action that they are taking on behalf of their business strategy; and in addition they have to be very conscious about their impartial actions and fairness to the stakeholders to gain the trust and dependence of their co-workers to lead the company towards high profit. This can be happened only with a good leadership approach that the automobile company of Japan, Mitsubishi Motor Corporation, lacked in. According to Caldararo, (2016), if the company has a good leadership approach and if the leader has acted with ethical values then the company has not to face this kind of ethical controversy. Therefore, it can be said that an ethical leaders can handle this kind of situations to stop running the company towards an ethical dilemma. The ethical leader or a moral leader can control these kinds of situation ethically without harming anyone while decision making. The Mitsubishi Motor Corporation lacks the ethical leader in their organisation to guide the employees from involving themselves in the ethical dilemma situation. As stated by Hannah, Avolio and Walumbwa, (2014), if the company has practiced a moral leadership approach then the employees cannot did this kind of falsifying activities with the stakeholders as well as the customers by manipulating the data only to increase their profit value. This has influenced the decision making procedure too that the leaders could not taken this type of unethical decision to attain the high profitability as it was strike them that the act was completely unethical (Jordan et al. 2013). Therefore, the management of the company should h ave been followed the ethical or moral leadership style to impalement the proper business strategies for the company ethically and to lead the employees and others as per the ethical norms of the organisation. Therefore, it can be said if the company has not implemented this unethical strategy in their company and has not hide the real data of fuel economy test then the vehicles had not faced this type of inconsistent service and has not received poor reviews from the customers. Moreover, the unethical way of the management has proved their lack in decision making power as well as their wrong leadership approach, which have to be revised to gain the previous reputation and trust of others to sustain in the market for a long time. According to Mayer et al., (2012), ethical leadership is related to directing the employees of the organization towards ethical standards so that they can maintain ethical belief in their work process. On the other hand, Jordan et al., (2013) opined that ethical leadership is highly concerned with protecting values and dignity of others from outside and inside of the organization. According to Schaubroeck et al., (2012) leaders can ensure that ethical decision has been met in the organization through keeping transparency in the decision and sharing it with all the stakeholders of the organization. On the other hand, Moore et al., (2014) opined that the leaders should establish ethical standard in the mind of the employees in such a way that they should not do any unethical activity in the work process that can hamper the trust of the customers. According to Kacmar et al., (2013), it has been found that the employees of Mitsubishi have falsified the tyre pressure of Nissan cars in term of mileage rates. On the other hand, Schaubroeck et al., (2012) opined that the employees had intentionally falsified the mileage information of the cars so that customers are highly motivated to buy the cars. This incident prominently shows the unethical behaviour of the employees. According to Mayer et al., (2012), in this case, the leaders were unable to take ethical decision and communicate it properly with the employees for keeping consistency in the organization. On the other hand, Kacmar et al., (2013) opined that the leaders of this organization has failed to show ethical behavior for influencing the employees and thus, ethical code of conduct has not been maintained thereby, became the joke due to inability of the leaders in living up their published code of conduct. According to Jordan et al., (2013), ethical leadership is beyond being a well person and it is related to make ethical standards in making decision about the organization. On the other hand, Moore et al., (2014) opined that in order to make ethical decision, the leaders of the organization should make ethics a consistent a clear part of the agenda of the organization. In case of decision-making, the leaders should set appropriate set of standards and model behavior so that every employees in the organization hold accountability towards their job role. When taking any major decision about the organization, the leaders should take the interest of the stakeholders and try to fulfill that interest with maintaining transparency with them. According to Kacmar et al., (2013), ethical leaders of the organization make an ethical culture within the organization so that the employees can perform according to the set ethical standards. On the other hand, Moore et al., (2014) opined that this kin d of culture help the employees in internalize the exact value of the organization and thereby, the employees do not perform any fraud activity in the organization that can make the customers disappointed. Apart from that, the ethical leaders also initiate high level of penalties and punishment in regards to the violation of the ethical standards by the employees a making any unethical decision in the organization. Conclusion In this study, the researcher has focused on the ethics, leadership and decision-making of the organisations and the importance of these three components in managing the ethical values of the organisations. It is found that the ethical values are very essential to keep in mind in the time of implementing new ideas and strategies for the company. Therefore, the management of the companies have to focus on the ethical value of the organisation while taking the decisions for the company. If the decisions will not be taken according to the managerial theoretical concepts then the management of the organisations have to face a huge ethical dilemma in business, which can damage their reputation in the market as well as ruin their loyalty to the customers and to their employees. The researcher has also discussed the ethical values and the importance of moralities in the organisations to maintain the goodwill of the company and it can be earned with good works and services. The study has dis closed that an appropriate leadership approach can avail this goodwill for the company. Therefore, it can be concluded that an organisation can lead their business activities without falling in any ethical dilemma with an appropriate leadership approach, which will be rich with moral leaders and good organisational management. Recommendations The case study of Mitsubishi Motors Corporation shows that the company has participated in unethical decision-making, which is influences by the leadership approach of the organization. According to Jordan et al., (2013), the leadership approach of an organization is solely responsible for monitoring the decision-making process performed by an organization. However, Kacmar et al., (2013) argued that it is not possible to monitor activities of every individual; employees. Therefore, the company should be transformational in terms of leadership approach. This leadership approach will help the organizations to maintain business sustainability. If managers of an organization put extra and unrealistic pressure on the employees, then the employee may adopt unethical activities for meeting the objectives (Heidl, Steensma Phelps, 2014). Therefore, it is highly important to be realistic while setting organizational goal. In this manner, the company would be able to maintain ethical business practices. Reference List Burke, R. J. (2016). The Healthy Organization: Reducing High-risk Individual Behavior and Organizational Toxicity.The Fulfilling Workplace: The Organization's Role in Achieving Individual and Organizational Health, 1. Caldararo, N. L. (2016). Ethics, Morals, Taxation, Stagnation, Bank Holidays, Financial Evolution and Central Bank Credit.Morals, Taxation, Stagnation, Bank Holidays, Financial Evolution and Central Bank Credit (May 17, 2016). Campbell, A. R. (2014).An examination of the factors influencing the decision to adopt alternative fuel vehicles(Doctoral dissertation, Amy Campbell). Coombs, W. T., Holladay, S. J. (2013).It's not just PR: Public relations in society. John Wiley Sons. Hannah, S. T., Avolio, B. J., Walumbwa, F. O. (2014). Addendum to Relationships between authentic leadership, moral courage, and ethical and pro-social behaviors.Business Ethics Quarterly,24(02), 277-279. Haskin, J. M. (2016).When All Roads Lead to the Standoff: How Corporate Governance Fuels White Supremacy. Algora Publishing. Heidl, R. A., Steensma, H. K., Phelps, C. (2014). Divisive faultlines and the unplanned dissolutions of multipartner alliances.Organization Science,25(5), 1351-1371. Jordan, J., Brown, M. E., Trevio, L. K., Finkelstein, S. (2013). Someone to look up to executivefollower ethical reasoning and perceptions of ethical leadership.Journal of Management,39(3), 660-683. Kacmar, K. M., Andrews, M. C., Harris, K. J., Tepper, B. J. (2013). Ethical leadership and subordinate outcomes: The mediating role of organizational politics and the moderating role of political skill.Journal of Business Ethics,115(1), 33-44. Mayer, D. M., Aquino, K., Greenbaum, R. L., Kuenzi, M. (2012). Who displays ethical leadership, and why does it matter? An examination of antecedents and consequences of ethical leadership.Academy of Management Journal,55(1), 151-171. Mayer, D.M., Aquino, K., Greenbaum, R.L. and Kuenzi, M., (2012). Who displays ethical leadership, and why does it matter? An examination of antecedents and consequences of ethical leadership.Academy of Management Journal,55(1), pp.151-171. MIZUO, J. (2013). Changes in Business Ethics during Lost Two Decades and Prospects for the Future in Japan: From a View Point of Business Ethics, Compliance, Corporate Governance, and Global CSR.Moore, C., Mayer, D. M., Chiang, F. F., Crossley, C. D., Karlesky, M. J., Birtch, T. A. (2014). Leaders Matter Morally: The Role of Ethical Leadership in Shaping Employee Moral Cognition and Misconduct.Available at SSRN 2574219. Mseitif, J. L. (2014).Boeing's Behavior in a Liberalized Marketplace: The 787 Dreamliner Project and Impact on Puget Sound Workers(Doctoral dissertation). Raymond, A. (2014). The Dilemma of Private Justice Systems: Big Data Sources, the Cloud and Predictive Analytics.Northwestern Journal of International Law Business, Forthcoming. Schaubroeck, J. M., Hannah, S. T., Avolio, B. J., Kozlowski, S. W., Lord, R. G., Trevio, L. K., ... Peng, A. C. (2012). Embedding ethical leadership within and across organization levels.Academy of Management Journal,55(5), 1053-1078. Schaubroeck, J. M., Hannah, S. T., Avolio, B. J., Kozlowski, S. W., Lord, R. G., Trevio, L. K., ... Peng, A. C. (2012). Embedding ethical leadership within and across organization levels.Academy of Management Journal,55(5), 1053-1078. Zelenkova, N. (2013).What are the Motives for Owning an Electrical Car for an Individual in Oslo?(Doctoral dissertation, University of Oslo). Zhang, X., Walumbwa, F. O., Aryee, S., Chen, Z. X. G. (2013). RETRACTED: Ethical leadership, employee citizenship and work withdrawal behaviors: Examining mediating and moderating processes.The Leadership Quarterly,24(1), 284-297.

Publix Case free essay sample

This list of items changes from region to region and even from store to store. The items on the theft-prone list are locked up for safe keeping. It is essential that Publix continue to take the necessary actions to prevent the likelihood of theft. While a company cannot prevent all attempts of theft, it can certainly do its due diligence to ensure that the number of cases of theft is minimized. Additionally, Publix employees play a major role in reducing the amount of legal costs the company incurs. All employees are expected to work to ensure store safety on a consistent basis. By being proactive with these types of training programs and locking away commonly stolen merchandise, Publix is lessening the amount of time and money it spends on legal issues. Economic Factors With the recent downturn in the economy, many customers are now looking for the lowest price retailer to purchase from. We will write a custom essay sample on Publix Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Publix has built its brand based mostly on the quality of products and the shopping experience, not the lowest price. Retailers that consumers generally equate to low prices include Wal-Mart and bulk buying retailers like Costco and Sams Club. With that in mind, in times like these, Publix seems to be at a major disadvantage. Publix understands that there is strong competition in the supermarket industry(Weinstein, pg 272). Publix, like many other grocery chains, is having a difficult time competing with low cost supercenters. Even in a recession, the average American consumer is still spending a large portion of their income on food. Although U. S. food spending is on the rise, supermarkets are not capturing their fair share (Weinstein, pg 274). Consequently, Publix has to now change the consumer focus on price to one of value. Publixs goal is to make every customer feel personally valued in such a way that they see themselves as one in a million(Weinstein, pg 269). If Publix is able to continue to differentiate its products value for the consumer, it may be able to convert the supercenter shopper into a loyal customer. Social/ Cultural Factors At Publix, everything revolves around pleasing the customer, which is why it has enjoyed much of the success it has had since the 1930s(Weinstein, pg 269). Superior customer value and quality of products are cornerstones in the Publix culture. Publix depends on the fact that a more educated consumer is willing to pay a slightly higher price for great service. The average Publix customer is well-educated and lives within a 5 mile radius of the store in which they shop. Publix understands that it is far easier to maintain a current customer than to attract a new one. Thus, Publix associates are [also] encouraged to use their daily observations, customer feedback, survey evaluation, and other data to improve their jobs, better serve their customers, and make Publix a better place where shopping is a pleasure'(Weinstein, pg 280). Technological Factors An industry study revealed that by 2007, about 20 million households in the United States will purchase groceries, food, and other household items online†¦However, to date, none of the major grocery chains have mastered the online arena(Weinstein, pg 281). Publix is working towards how to profitably master implementing the technological processes that its customer is demanding. In an attempt to enter the online grocery market, Publix launched PublixDirect in 2001. This service came to an end in 2003 despite all the proper planning that went into its conception. It is imperative that Publix finds a way to control its costs in an effort to compete with the few successful online grocers that currently dominate the market.